Monday, August 24, 2020
Technical communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Specialized correspondence - Essay Example Operands are values utilized in the making of an equation. Operants are orders that guide Excel on what activities to perform on operands. Expansion, deduction, division, and augmentation are instances of operants. The following are rules on the best way to compose equations that can ease working with a Microsoft Excel exercise manual (Taylor 17). There are likewise rules on the most proficient method to change to manual estimation in the exercise manual. The unpredictability or effortlessness of an equation relies upon the requirements of a client. It is fitting to embed a capacity while making complex yet genuinely basic recipes. Along these lines, clients don't need to make the whole equation (Taylor 18). The following are the means followed in making an equation utilized for connecting data contained in a solitary Microsoft Excel worksheet. Composing recipes that incorporate data that are in various worksheets is all the more confounding that composing an equation that includes data on a similar worksheet. Microsoft Excel permits the linkage of data in various cells in the equivalent or various worksheets contained in a similar exercise manual. Five images help make equations that interface data from in worksheets (Taylor 19). The table underneath sums up these five images, their names and use inside recipes. b) Worksheets that have space between their names have punctuations when the names of the worksheet with the goal that their recipe would show up in the configuration: =name of function(ââ¬Ëname of worksheetââ¬â¢!cell
Saturday, August 22, 2020
What are the main practical considerations which are likely to Essay
What are the fundamental commonsense contemplations which are probably going to impact an association's capital structure - Essay Example Their investigation depended on the suspicion that ideal capital markets existed, i.e, there was a nonattendance of assessments, chapter 11 expenses and other market contact. Under such a condition, their decision was one of capital structure superfluity, which implies that the sort of capital structure picked by a firm won't sway upon its worth and henceforth there is no favorable position to be increased through the making of obligation. The estimation of the firm will be absolutely needy upon its advantages and their normal worth, just as the danger of income produced from those benefits. In any case, these equivalent creators later mulled over tax collection and their decision at that point was that one of the highlights that would advance an ideal capital structure for the firm was the work of however much obligation capital as could reasonably be expected. (Modigliani and Miller, 1963). When corporate profit charges are presented, at that point there is a bit of leeway to the firm to be picked up by the firm, on the grounds that the duty shield that can be given by obligation brings about an addition from influence. In this specific situation, Miller (1977) likewise brought individual assessments into the condition and he observes three particular duty rates in the United States that decide the complete estimation of the firm, which are (a) corporate expense rate (b) charge rate forced on salary of profits and (c) charge rates forced on the inflows of intrigue. Mill operator expressed that the capital structure of a firm will rely on the overall stature of every on e of the duty rates when contrasted with the other two. At the point when expense rates on salary from stocks and securities are equivalent, at that point the bit of leeway from influence is zero, consequently capital structure of the firm gets superfluous. Be that as it may, for instance when the expense rates on the pay from the stock is lower than the duty rate on earnings from the obligation, at that point influence will adversely influence the estimation of the untaxed firm. With non unimportant insolvency costs, the presentation of influence makes a negative impact of obligation financing
Saturday, July 18, 2020
Summers, Lawrence Henry
Summers, Lawrence Henry Summers, Lawrence Henry, 1954â", U.S. economist, government official, and educator, b. New Haven, Conn. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, he taught at MIT and in 1983 became the youngest tenured professor in Harvard's history. He served on the President's Council of Economic Advisors in 1982â"83 during the Reagan administration, edited the Quarterly Journal of Economics in 1984â"90, and in 1991â"93 was chief economist of the World Bank. He left Harvard in 1993 to become under secretary for international affairs in the Treasury Dept. during the Clinton administration. He was deputy secretary under Robert Rubin from 1995 until 1999, when he succeeded Rubin as secretary (1999â"2001). Summers became president of Harvard in 2001. His contentious relations with many in the faculty, and a 2005 controversy sparked by his suggestion that the presence of fewer women in upper-level science and math positions was the result of innate differences b etween men and women, led to his resignation as president in 2006; he remained a professor there. From 2009 to 2010 he was director of the National Economic Council under President Barack Obama. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies
Thursday, May 21, 2020
Costco Strategic Management and SWOT Analysis Free Essay Example, 1000 words
The company also saves on packaging since customers buy in bulk which is already packaged from suppliers. In terms of marketing, the firm is located in key areas in the US and Canada. Costco currently sells a wide variety of products at competitive prices. The firm promotes its products through a number of media including the internet. The firm ranks above its main competitors BJ Wholesale and Sam s Club in the US where it has over 400 warehouses. In terms of finance the firm is not highly geared. It operations are profitable. Costco s returns on share prices declined between 2008 and 2009 in the midst of the Great Recession. However, it rebounded in 2010. The company s returns on share prices have been above the average of the S P500 Index as well as its Peer Group Index (Annual Report 2010). According to Mark Sussman (2008) Costco is ahead of the competition based on the mix of products that it offers. The firm also operates in other industry segments such as gasoline retailing. T he firm does not have much R D expenditure. We will write a custom essay sample on Costco Strategic Management and SWOT Analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Opportunities exist for the company to expand in other countries as well as existing markets. The Government regulations threaten its expansion in existing markets (Annual Report 2010). Costco should use its strengths to capitalise on opportunities and to enable the firm to avoid threats in the macro-environment. The firm could also minimise weaknesses by capitalising on opportunities as well as use various strategies to minimise threats.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Definition of Research - 1639 Words
RELATOR, RUE BERYL DS. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH Research has been defined in a number of different ways. * A broad definition of research is given by Martyn Shuttleworth - In the broadest sense of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data, information and facts for the advancement of knowledge. * Another definition of research is given by Creswell who states - Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. It consists of three steps: Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question. * The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research in more detail as a studious inquiry orâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦* The Panel Study ââ¬â the researcher observes exactly the same people, group, or organization across time periods. * A Cohort Analysis ââ¬â is similar to the panel study, but rather than observing the exact same people, researcher collects information from people who have same nature, same characteristic etc. 4. The research (data collection) techniques used in it * Quantitative * Qualitative CHARACTERISTIC OF RESEARCH * GEOGRAPHIC RELEVANCE - Geographic relevance will affect the programs to which you submit your research statement, and will also affect the details that need to be included in the statement. National research programs, such as the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, focus on research statements that address problems experienced in a majority of the states. However, a research statement focused on a more localized problem while explaining how the research product could benefit a national audience can be successful. * TRANSPORTATION MODE OR TOPIC - If your research focuses on a specific mode of transportation, your decision about the funding source may be simplified, because many research programs focus on such modes. If, on the other hand, your research need focuses on policy, administration, or other non-modal transportation issues, the appropriate program may be less clear cut. In thisShow MoreRelatedDefinition of Business Research6895 Words à |à 28 PagesDefinition of Business Research Business research is an important management activity that helps companies determine which products will be most profitable for companies to produce. Several steps are necessary when conducting business research; each step must be thoroughly reviewed to ensure that the best decision is made for the company. * Product Analysis Product analysis is the first step of business research. Companies must find a product that meets or exceeds consumer demand, or the productRead MoreResearch Definition of Terms5398 Words à |à 22 PagesDEFINITIONS OF COMMON RESEARCH-RELATED TERMS Abuse-liable: Pharmacological substances that have the potential for creating abusive dependency. Abuse-liable substances can include both illicit drugs (e.g., heroine) and licit drugs (e.g. methamphetamines). Adverse Effect: An undesirable and unintended, although not necessarily unexpected, result of therapy or other intervention. Anonymity: Anonymity exists when there are no identifiers on project materials that could link the data with individual subjectsRead MoreThe Definition Of Science And Research Methods1189 Words à |à 5 Pagesbrief elaboration of the definition of science and research methods INTRODUCTION Science is a complex activity, which may be defined in a number of ways. To unite both the process and the product of science, one way to define science is as a process of constructing predictive conceptual models (Gilbert, 1991). Gilbert (1991) states, when referring to Kuhn (1970, Lunetta Hofstein (1981), Miller (1978) and Stevens Collins (1980) that in essence, ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢the definition of science includes virtuallyRead MoreCareer Definition : Clinical Research1587 Words à |à 7 PagesClinical Research Associates Career Definition: Clinical research associates work in a research facility setting and are included in a wide assortment of lab investigations and undertakings. Their run of the mill obligations incorporate running or helping with the running of examinations and clinical trials, making vivd observations ,objective facts, translating and breaking down information, and framing results and conclusions. Clinical exploration partners may likewise be in charge of definingRead MoreDefinition Of Quantitative Research Methods944 Words à |à 4 PagesQuantitative research methods are most generally worried with weighing criminological or criminal justice existence. In order for this method to be understood, there are numerous amounts of conditions which must be initially recognized. Concepts are hypothetical labels assigned on reality that are appointed binary characters, hence making them changeable. Variables are then investigated to inspect designs of affiliation, as well as a chain of reaction. At the most basic level, there exists at leastRead MoreStructure Of The Research: .Definition Of Brand Trust1494 Words à |à 6 Pages Structure of the research: Definition of brand trust; Reasons for low brand trust in the marketing channels. What is brand misconduct according to the consumers? Brand equityââ¬â¢s and brand credibilityââ¬â¢s role in building and maintaining brand trust; Negative publicity ; Reputational capital; Conclusion; Definition of brand trust: The human beings naturally seek fellows to trust, moreover the trust is the only bridge toward building any kind of relationship. The definition of trust, accordingRead MoreClassification And Interpretation Of Information Essay771 Words à |à 4 PagesDefinition 1 Research (Text Book) = The systematic collection and interpretation of information with a clear purpose, to find things out (Saunders, Lewis, Thornhill, 2009) Definition 2 Research (Internet) = The strict definition of scientific research is performing a methodical study in order to prove a hypothesis or answer a specific question (Shuttleworth, 2008) Definition 3 Research (Oxford Dictionary) = The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establishRead MoreA Systematic Process Of Gathering, Interpreting, And Reporting Information822 Words à |à 4 Pages 1. Research (McMillan, pg.5) Book Definition: ââ¬Å"a systematic process of gathering, interpreting, and reporting information.â⬠Technical Definition in my words: a recognized and orderly manner of obtaining data and organizing, analyzing and explaining the data so others can understand it and base decisions on it. Example: The survey provided a voluminous amount of data that was only useful after effective research efforts were performed to make it meaningful. 2. Quantitative (McMillan, pg. 11)Read MoreThe Problem With Mental Toughness Essay1413 Words à |à 6 Pagesnot the only component that can lead an athlete to success (Gucciardi, Gordon, Dimmock, 2008). The main problems with mental toughness are the inconsistency of its definition, and a lack of research into clearly defining mental toughness and what attributes are required to be mentally tough (Jones et al, 2002). The earliest definition of mental toughness was provided by Cattell (1957), suggesting mental toughness was an important personality trait, supported by Kroll (1967). Loehr (1982, 1986, 1994)Read MoreEssay on Defining Research with Human Subjects948 Words à |à 4 PagesQuestion 1 Question : According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies meets the definition of research with human subjects? Your answer : A researcher conducts a linguistic study of comments posted on a local public blog. Correct Answer : A developmental psychologist videotapes interactions between groups of toddlers and their care givers to determine which intervention methods most effectively manage aggression. Comment : The study of passenger lists is a study of individuals
Thugs in Ancient India Free Essays
string(41) " about the male members of their family\." Thugs In Accient India On a well-worn road through central India, Lieutenant Subhani of the Bengal Native Infantry and his three traveling companions were nearing the final leg of their journey. Ordinarily the Lieutenant would have only his pair of loyal orderlies to keep him company as he traveled, but today a third man walked alongside hishorseââ¬âa stranger who had joined him only that morning. The year was 1812, and the pleasant October weather made for an easy trek. We will write a custom essay sample on Thugs in Ancient India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Subhani knew these roads could be dangerous for travelers, especially at this time of year, but he was untroubled. Trained soldiers and well-armed, he and his men were an unlikely target for roving bandits. But a much greater threat loomed over them on that dusty road, closer at hand than the travelers could have possibly conceived. Accounts of a secret cult of murderers roaming India go back at least as far as the 13th century, but to modern history their story usually begins with the entrance of the British Empire in the early 1800s. For some years, Indiaââ¬â¢s British administrators had been hearing reports of large numbers of travelers disappearing on the countryââ¬â¢s roads; but, while disturbing, such incidents were not entirely unusual for the time. It was not until the discovery of a series of eerily similar mass graves across India that the truth began to dawn. Each site was piled with the bodies of individuals ritually murdered and buried in the same meticulous fashion, leading to an inescapable conclusion: these killings were the work of a single, nation-spanning organization. It was known as Thuggee. At its root, the word ââ¬Å"Thuggeeâ⬠means ââ¬Å"deceivers,â⬠and this name hints at the methods employed by the cult. Bands of Thugs traveled across the country posing as pilgrims, merchants, soldiers, or even royalty, in groups numbering anywhere from a few men to several hundred. Offering protection or company, they would befriend fellow travelers and slowly build their confidence along the road. Often the impostors would journey for days and hundreds of miles with their intended victims, patiently waiting for an opportunity to strike. When the time was right, typically while their targets were encamped and at their most relaxed, a signal would be givenââ¬âreportedly ââ¬Å"Bring the tobaccoâ⬠ââ¬âand the Thugs would spring. Each member had a well-honed specialty; some distracted their quarry, some made noise or music to mask anycries, while others guarded the campsite from intruders and escapees. Thugs of the highest rank performed the actual killings. As a prohibition against shedding blood was at the core of Thuggee belief, the murders were performed in a bloodless fashion. The usual method was strangulation with a rumal, the yellow silk handkerchief each thug wore tied around his waist; but an occasional neck-breaking or poisoning helped to add some variety. It was a matter of honor for the Thugs to let no one escape alive once they had been selected for death. Lieutenant Subhani and his orderlies had spent the previous night as guests at the home of Ishwardas Moti, a prestigious cotton merchant and local official. There he had been introduced to another of Motiââ¬â¢s guests, the man who was traveling with him now. Moklal was his nameââ¬âa business associate of Motiââ¬â¢s, he was told, and one he had spoken of most highly. ââ¬Å"Narsinghpur! â⬠Moti had exclaimed upon hearing the Lieutenantââ¬â¢s destination, ââ¬Å"What a fortunate coincidence! Moklal is traveling that way as well. Perhaps you could go with him for the extra protection? â⬠Subhani, though reluctant to take on a civilian traveling companion, did not wish to offend his hostââ¬âand at any rate, Moklal seemed amiable enough. He agreed. For the members of Thuggee, murder was both a way of life and a religious duty. They believed their killings were a means of worshiping the Hindu goddess Kali, who was honored at each stage of the murder by a vast and complex system of rituals and superstitions. Thugs were guided to their victims by omens observed in nature, and once the deed was done, the graves and bodies were prepared according to strict ceremonies. A sacrificial rite would be conducted after the burial involving the consecration of sugar and of the sacred pickax, the tool the brotherhood believed was given to them by Kali to dig the graves of their prey. Thugs were certainly not above robbing their victims, but traditionally a portion of the spoils would be set aside for the goddess. Kali, despite her fearsome appearance, is not an evil deity. For more mainstream Hindus, she is a goddess of time and transformation who can impart understanding of life, death, and creation. To the members of the Thuggee cult, she was something else entirely. Their Kali craved human blood, and demanded endless sacrifice to satisfy her hunger. According to Thuggee legend, Kali once battled a terrible demon which roamed the land, devouring humans as fast as they were created. But every drop of the monsterââ¬â¢s blood that touched the ground spawned a new demon, until the exhausted Kali finally created two human men, armed with rumals, and instructed them to strangle the demons. When their work was finished, Kali instructed them to keep the rumals in their family and use them to destroy every man not of their kindred. This was the tale told to Thuggeeinitiates. All Thugs were male, and membership in the cult was hereditary apart from a few outsiders allowed to join voluntarily and some young boys captured in raids. Around their tenth birthday, the sons of Thugs would be invited to witness their first murder, but only from a distance. Gradually over the years they could strive to achieve the rank of bhuttote, or strangler. Thuggee membership was for life, all the way up to the elderly Thugs who still did what they could for the group as cooks or spiesââ¬âyet the wives and daughters of these men might never know the truth about the male members of their family. You read "Thugs in Ancient India" in category "Papers" Their extreme secrecy combined with their mastery of murder made the Thugs the deadliest secret society in all of history. In the early 19th century they were credited with 40,000 deaths annually, stretching back as far as anyone cared to count. Some estimates put the overall death toll as high as 2,000,000, but with the cult potentially operating for more than 500 years before formal records were kept, the true number is impossible to determine. Even as the evidence began to mount, most members of Indiaââ¬â¢s British-run government remained dismissive of claims that a secret cult of murderers was terrorizing the countryside. It would be the efforts of a single soldier that would eventually turn this apathy around. After nearly a dayââ¬â¢s travel with his new companion, Lieutenant Subhani did not regret allowing Moklal to join him. The man was talkative and well-educated, and his conversation seemed to shorten the long journey considerably. As dusk approached, Moklal explained that his destination, a wayside grove where he planned to spend the night, was just ahead. ââ¬Å"There I am meeting my friends. Please, stay with us tonight, and let me repay you the courtesy of escorting me today. â⬠Subhani, tired from the dayââ¬â¢s journey and already beginning to think of where he and his men might make camp, agreed. A fire was burning by the time they reached the campsite, while around it an animated group of men were gathered. A flurry of introductions went aroundââ¬âmany of these men were business associates of Moklal, it was learned, while others were familyââ¬âand soon Subhani and his orderlies felt like part of the group, eating and laughing with the men. William Henry SleemanSir William Henry Sleeman was a sober, no-nonsense Bengal Army officer who from early on dedicated his career to the eradication of Thuggee. Faced with a wall of disbelief and indifference from his superiors, he transferred to the Civil Service where he could gain enough authority to wage his war personally. As a district magistrate by the 1820s, he gathered a force of Indian policemen under him and set torooting out the cult with a variety of innovative policing methods. By examining common attack sites and listening for reports of suspicious figures, Sleeman and his men formulated predictions of where the next large attack was likely to occur. They would then turn the Thugsââ¬â¢ own methods against themââ¬âdisguised as merchants, the officers would wait at the chosen site for a group of Thugs to approach, and ambush them. Information obtained from the prisoners was used to plan the next strike. But Sleemanââ¬â¢s job would not be easy, as one of the Thuggee cultââ¬â¢s defining characteristics was its pervasiveness within Indian society. In an era where strict caste divisions dominated every aspect of life, Thuggee was unique for transcending all such social barriers. Anyone from a farmer to an aristocrat could be a Thug. Many were even Muslims who, in a truly inspiring feat of rationalization, managed to reconcile their practice of human sacrifice to a goddess with their religionââ¬â¢s strict ban on idolatry and murder. When members of the brotherhood were not terrorizing travelers, they lived as normalââ¬âoften upstandingââ¬âcitizens, with ordinary social lives and occupations. It was impossible to know who might be with the Thugs, even among oneââ¬â¢s closest friends. What was more bizarre, and endlessly frustrating for Sleeman, was the level of protection the Thugs seemed to enjoy within India. Though they clearly had the country living in fear, a strange ambivalence toward the cult existed. Local police and officials turned a blind eye to reports of Thug activities, while peasants would simply work around the bodies that occasionally appeared in their fields and wells. Landowners and Indian princes often explicitly shielded known Thugs, to the point that they would sometimes violently clash with British soldiers on the hunt. The reasons for this strange reaction to the cult are varied and complex. In the case of the lower-ranked members of society, it most often may have simply been out of fear or superstition; it was believed by some that the goddess Kali would take revenge on those who interfered with her followers. The rich and powerful, for their part, may have had some vested interest in Thug activity: bribery, perhaps, or they may simply have been charmed by master con artists. Some poor villages accepted the murder and robbery of rich travelers as simply a way of bringing wealth into the regionââ¬âfor many, Thugging was apparently viewed as a regular tax-paying profession, as noble as any other. Whatever the cause, it meant that Sleemanââ¬â¢s men were more often than not met with silence as they probed residents for information. But a few factors were in Sleemanââ¬â¢s favor. First, the Thugsââ¬â¢ beliefs forbade them from killing certain groups, including women, fakirs, musicians, lepersââ¬âand Europeans. Thuggee was thus unable to retaliate against its English persecutors even when it had the opportunity. Second, once captured, most Thugs cooperated with authorities willinglyââ¬âone might even say gleefully. Staunch fatalists, the imprisoned Thugs believed their situation was the result of their displeasing the goddess. They therefore showed little remorse in turning in their brothers, believing that anything that happened to them would be the will of Kali. Some suspect that Thuggee prisoners even deliberately accused innocent men; unable to strangle in person during their incarceration, sending men to the gallows was a convenient way of keeping up their obligation to Kali. As for those condemned todie, it is said that each went to his death with no trace of emotion, often requesting only that he be allowed to place the noose around his own neck. With informants pouring in at an ever-increasing rate, Sleemanââ¬â¢s campaign against the Thugs gained ground beyond anyoneââ¬â¢s expectations. Within a few years the cult was crippled, and by the end of the 19th century the British declared Thuggee extinct. Sleeman was hailed as a hero by most of India, and in many parts of the country he is still revered. But there are those who have wondered if the British were too quick to congratulate themselves. It is difficult for some to imagine how a secret fraternity that had survived for centuries and engrained itself into every facet of Indian society could have been eliminated in so short a time. Certainly, the mass killings are a distant memory, and India no longer lives in fear of its shadow. But in some remote areas, rumors still linger about the yellow-sashed strangers who welcome travelers with open arms and a friendly smile. It was dark when Subhani and his new friends had finished eating. For a time they sat in comfortable silence, with only an occasional quiet exchange passing between men seated across the fire next to one another. But no one had yet turned in for sleep. Moklal turned from the fire to Subhani. ââ¬Å"Perhaps a smoke before bed? â⬠he offered. The Lieutenant nodded gratefully. Moklal smiled, then looked up at someone apparently standing behind Subhani. ââ¬Å"bring the Tobacco ââ¬Å" How to cite Thugs in Ancient India, Papers
Saturday, April 25, 2020
Understanding Good Customer Service free essay sample
This is when they ask for something and they expect a certain level of service Customer satisfaction- This is when customers feel like youââ¬â¢ve given them a good service Main characteristics of typical customers- Typical customers purchase goods/services, make queries and ask for advice. Exceeding customer expectation- Providing good value for money, giving advice and information quickly, providing additional help and support and good discounts. Falling short of customer service- Being unable to meet customersââ¬â¢ expectations, unable to deliver services/goods and being rude. Different responsibilities in customer service Supervisor- training, day to day responsibilities, supervision and a source of advice Line manager- more supervision, more responsibility, and auditing. Customer service roles- Receptionist, shop assistant, delivery driver and accounts manager. Different kinds of information- Informative, instructive, directive, warning and safety. Common sources of information- Brochures, leaflets, internet, press reports and from your customers. Customerââ¬â¢s service experience is affected by the behaviour they receive from customer service practitioners Showing concern- Sympathy Listening- Nodding, saying yes Positive body language- Keeping eye contact Indentifying the reason for dissatisfaction- Faulty goods, no delivery. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Good Customer Service or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Apologising- Saying sorry, explain the reasons Remaining calm and in control- Not losing temper Typical customer service problems- Complaints, faults, deliveries and not fit for purpose Reporting customer service problems- To your supervisor, to your manager and to the supplier. Teamwork: To customer- Consistent service and effective cover for absences To organisation- Consistency and effective cover for absences To self- Help, support and an impact on motivation Organisational practices and procedures- Keeping accurate records, answering phones, staff appearance and dress, refunds policy and complaint handling. Importance- Ensuring consistent and reliable service, customer satisfaction, efficient operation and corporate identity. Reffering to someone in authority when? Outside own expertise, outside own authority, seeking advice and unable to deal with customer. Reffering to someone in authority how? Face to face, in writing, over the telephone and via text or email. Security of customer and their property- Compliance with health and safety laws, ensuring hygienic work practice and having a security alert. Security of customer information- Data protection laws and credit and debit details. Health and safety- Compliance with health and safety regulations, control of substances hazardous to health regulations 1994 and fire safety regulations. Treating customers equally- equal opportunities, racial and gender discrimination and compliance with regulations act. Importance of confidentiality to customer- making sure name, address, debit and credit card and details of purposes are secure. Importance and confidentiality to staff- making sure names, addressââ¬â¢s are secure. Also making sure it is compliant with the data protection act- access limited to authorised personnel and computers need a password to be accessed. Legislation- Working time directive 1999, working with computers, equality act 2010 and the disability discrimination act. Effect of external regulations- organisational procedures and the trade body codes of conduct.
Wednesday, March 18, 2020
The Relationship Between Student and Teacher Essays
The Relationship Between Student and Teacher Essays The Relationship Between Student and Teacher Essay The Relationship Between Student and Teacher Essay The Relationship between Students and Teachers If students have a better relationship with their teachers, then they will have a better time in class. There are many reasons why I choose to do this observation. One reason is because many students feel as if their teacher does not understand them. However, in the observation that I am about to describe, students who connect better with their teacher have a better time in class. In my class I observed how my classmates interact with their teacher and how it ffect them in class. Most students who had a very chilled teacher had a very loud class. The teacher would teach their lesson and the students would pay attention. After, the teaching was over the students would interact with each other and the teacher. I realized that most teachers who were honest and didnt really act like a teacher students felt more comfortable. For example, the girl with the curly hair asked the pale pink cheeked teacher what he does when he gets home. His responds was playing Grand Theft Auto. Knowing this, many of the guy students come in every day and asked about what level he has accomplished. Many of the girls would Joke with him and ask about his love life. He responds as if he doesnt mind talking about his personal life. Students that I observed and interviewed said that he was very honest and thats what they expect from their teachers. The teacher with the blue eyes and very soothing voice helped my light and skinny friend with her relationship. As she sat at his desk sobbing her story to him, he soothed her with his voice and ave her the wisdom to confront the problem and be the strong one in her relationship. With other students seeing this, gave them the ability to trust their teacher with not only school work but also with personal life situations. Many students come his class and talk about everything, from what they ate for dinner to who twerk the best in videos. Whenever you go in his class students are learning but also laughing and having real life conversations. On the other hand students who dont have a relationship with their teacher eemed to hate their class. Many students that I observed were very bored. They come to class without work done. They stay on their phones and tend to not pay attention to the lesson. Some even go to sleep and wake up in time for the pack up and leave. The tall linky teacher told the big girl to put her phone up but she didnt. The big girl disrespected the tall linky teacher which caused confusion in the class. Students who saw this said that they saw how angry the teacher can get. An nterracial group of students I observed tend to act up causing the very mean teacher to write them up. These students feel as if she treated them better with respect and understand that they are people too, and then she would have a good class. In conclusion, students who have a better relationship with their teacher they tend to have a better time in class. Students who dont have a good relationship with their teacher tend to have a bad time in class. This is my observational essay. The Relationship Between Student and Teacher By Covergurll 31
Monday, March 2, 2020
Simple Tactics on How to Make Friends in High School
Simple Tactics on How to Make Friends in High School Building friendship isnt always as easy as we would like it to be, especially in high school. New people and new environment make it even more difficult. However, finding a friend at the new school will be much easier if you take a look at some tips on how to make friends in high school weââ¬â¢ve gathered for you. Join a Club or Sports Team Being a part of a team is one of the best ways to build new relationships. With its friendly atmosphere, a club is a place where you can learn how to be more social. You can meet people who have the same interests and hobbies as you, so dont be afraid to check what opportunities for self-expression your school offers. It may be: 1. Musical clubs bands, choir, orchestra. 2. Drama performing arts or pantomime. 3. Dance classes tap dance, hip-hop. 3. Fine arts and architecture clubs. 4. Literary and language clubs speaking and travel clubs, book clubs, writers clubs. 5. Game clubs chess, video games. 5. Sports and social activities football, basketball, swimming, Ã' heerleading. 6. Science and math clubs. 7. Historical reenactment. If a kind of club you would like to attend doesnt exist at your school, you can start your own club. Donââ¬â¢t be afraid that no one will join you! Youll definitely find people who share your interests. If you establish your own club, you will get to know students with whom you already have something in common. Attend Social Events Social events will certainly help you feel more comfortable with new people and teach you how to be better at socializing. Attending events like sports, parties and dancing evenings is a great way to make people know you better as they see you more often. Use this chance to make new friends even if you are a shy and not really an outgoing person. You may find it challenging at first, but you can bring someone with you to make it less stressful. Participating in events is also a great way to prove yourself and stand out in a crowd. If you have a talent for something - show it! Be Yourself Its very common advice, but being yourself is a key to find people who will like your personality. Some people pretend to be someone who they are not. Its better not to follow their example. Try to find people you feel comfortable with instead of searching for friendship with people who donââ¬â¢t understand and actually know you. Dont Be a Chatter-box Too much talking or joking will not make the best first impression of you. Telling your whole life story to a person you see the first time in your life is not the best idea. People tend to see a too chatty person as the one who is self-obsessed and narcissistic. Stay Positive and Approachable Be open to new people and start conversations with friendly vibes. Dont let your shyness hold you back. Give a pleasant smile and let people get to know you better. Connect Online Social media is your best assistant. Find people from your school online and get information about what your schoolmates like or what hobbies they have. Add them to your friend list and chat about classes or events they are going to attend. Put the information about your hobbies and interests on your page so that your classmates know how to start a conversation with you. Online vs. Face-to-Face Social media will help you to cope with the stress of talking to schoolmates as its much easier to reach a person via the internet and start a conversation online rather than doing it in person. You can also do vice versa if you are getting along with someone in your school, ask them to add you to their friend list on Facebook or follow you on Instagram. Ask and Listen Speaking to another person - especially a stranger - may be intimidating. If youre trying to make a good impression, being a good speaker is not enough - you must be a good listener, too. Memorize small details. Be attentive when people are talking to you and dont interrupt them. Listen carefully and hold eye contact. Its important to remember what people are telling about themselves - their interests and hobbies, about their friends, family or school life. Talk up. Giving a compliment is also a good way to make the first move and often the way to show that youre a nice and friendly person. You can compliment a persons good look or their performance in class. You shouldnââ¬â¢t flatter, but a good compliment wont hurt anybody. Take the initiative. Ask someone out to a movie or lunch - this will give you an opportunity to meet outside the school and get to know each other better. Show your interest. Asking questions is a great way to become closer with someone. People like to talk about themselves, so you should ask questions about their hobbies, pets, families, and clubs they attend. Ask open questions instead of the simple yes/no questions. Closed questions often tend to make an awkward pause in the conversation. Dont be too intrusive. Try not to insist on answering if a person doesnt want to so that he or she doesnt think that you interfere with their personal business. Also, when someone asks you a question, try not to respond in brief sentences - people may think youre not willing to communicate. Making new friends is not easy and takes some time. Be patient and dont be depressed if it doesnt go smoothly. We are sure youll manage to find good friends in school!
Friday, February 14, 2020
An Affluent Society and the Sixties Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
An Affluent Society and the Sixties - Essay Example Due to increase in the population in the suburbs there was increase in the demand of cars and gasoline which led to the decline of city business. In the year 1954 the phrase ââ¬Å"under Godâ⬠was made part of Pledge of Allegiance and ââ¬Å"In God we trustâ⬠was included on all currency of the US in 1955.There was religious revival during the 1960ââ¬â¢s as the percentage of people going to church and synagogue increased to 60%.Rock n roll music was introduced and Elvis Presley became the idol of the youth. There was also a change in the concept of racism as new black artist were encouraged and were given a platform to show their talent. A major change which took place was that family togetherness became the top priority. During the 1960ââ¬â¢s most of the people joined politics and they took active part in the civil rights and anti-war movements. In the 1960ââ¬â¢s most of the emphasis was laid on womenââ¬â¢s rights and in 1966 the National Organization for Women (NOW) was established. In my opinion the most significant change that took place in the 1960ââ¬â¢s was economical because social security was expanded from self-employed persons to farmers and military personnel tge and the federal minimum wage was also increased. Steps were also taken to minimize Federal budget was and keep inflation under control.
Saturday, February 1, 2020
What are the main roles that the United Nations plays in international Essay
What are the main roles that the United Nations plays in international politics To what extent is it successful, and how should that success be gauged - Essay Example Economic instability and imperialistic tendencies led to WWI and WWII, a fact not lost on the founding nations of the UN. The Security Council, the most influential component of the UN is responsible for preserving international security. Comprised of 15 member nations, five of which, the UK, US, Russia, China and France are permanent members, the Security Council convenes whenever it considers a threat to world peace exists. The UN General Assembly, all member nations, gathers at regular intervals to deliberate international problems (ââ¬Å"The United Nationsâ⬠, 2007). Recent and continuing issues addressed by the UN include alleviating world hunger and disease, reducing child deaths, protecting the civil rights, language and culture of indigenous peoples of the world and confronting global warming, AIDS, the genocide in Sudan, victims of natural disasters and war crimes among many other topics (UN News Service, 2007). No one can debate that the formation of the UN has provided relief and stabilisation for millions of the worldââ¬â¢s population over the past 60 years. However, many rightfully question the ability of this international organisation to successfully manage present and future adverse scenarios. The power of the UN to stop imperialist actions was put in serious doubt when it could not stop the US from invading a sovereign country that did not initiate military conflict. The genocide in Darfur, Sudan was ignored until just recently and many thousands of children worldwide die from starvation every day. In addition, globalization has gone far beyond the scope of what could have been imagined in 1945. ââ¬Å"Globalization has also created new vulnerabilities to old threats. Criminal networks take advantage of the most advanced technologies to traffic around the world in drugs, arms, precious metals and stones even peopleâ⬠(ââ¬Å"We the
Friday, January 24, 2020
Comparing two war poems written by Wilfred Owen: Dulce et decorum Est E
Comparing two war poems written by Wilfred Owen: Dulce et decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth. In this essay I will be comparing two war poems written by Wilfred Owen: ââ¬ËDulce et decorum Estââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËAnthem for Doomed Youthââ¬â¢. By comparing the two I will be able to distinguish the fact that Wilfred Owen is very anti-propaganda and why he feels so strongly about this. The two poems have many similarities but also a fair amount of differences, which I will be discussing in this essay. The two poems have a strongly anti war message and in both the victims of war are the young men whoââ¬â¢s lives are wasted. ââ¬ËDulce et decorum Estââ¬â¢ uses the description of a gas attack to show how horrific the reality of war is. Owen describes the victim with, ââ¬ËThe white eyes writhing in his faceâ⬠¦the bloodâ⬠¦gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs.ââ¬â¢ The physical horror of this helps to shape his message. It is addressed to the propaganda poet Jessie Pope and tells her that it is a lie to say that it is sweet and honorable to die for oneââ¬â¢s country. A similar message in ââ¬ËAnthem for Doomed Youthââ¬â¢ describes the slaughtered young men who ââ¬Ëdie as cattleââ¬â¢. Owen expresses his anger in a set of contrasts between a real funeral and the lack of a funeral for these young men. For example, instead of a service with a choir, they only have ââ¬Ëthe shrill demented choirs of wailing shellsââ¬â¢. As you would expect, the tone and mood of both poems is deeply serious as Owen has a strong message in both of them. However, they are different. ââ¬ËDulce et decorum Estââ¬â¢ expresses a great deal of horror and anger. The horror is set aside for the terrible pain and terror of the gas attack, not only for the victim but also for the poet. He writes, ââ¬ËIn a... ...ack, making a strong message to contradict the vague, Latin phrase about how sweet it is to die for your country. In ââ¬ËAnthem for Doomed Youthââ¬â¢ Owen develops a singe image, the idea of the funeral ceremony for the dead. The first line asks about the ââ¬Ëpassing bellsââ¬â¢ and the rest of the octave describes the various sounds of war, which are substituted for the funeral bells. This includes the ââ¬Ëmonstrous anger of gunsââ¬â¢, the rattling of the riffles and the wailing of the shells. The sestet begins by asking where are the candles for the funeral service but goes on to tell us that ââ¬Ëholy glimmers of goodbyesââ¬â¢ in the eyes of the boy soldiers will have to instead. The funeral cloth placed over the coffin is replaced by ââ¬Ëthe pallor of girls browsââ¬â¢. Instead of flowers, they have ââ¬Ëthe tenderness of patient mindsââ¬â¢. All the images are based on the original comparison.
Thursday, January 16, 2020
The Pre Combustion Capture Environmental Sciences Essay
Climate alteration is straight associated with increased atmospheric concentration of gases, and particularly of CO2 produced chiefly by fossil fuel burning. Therefore, accomplishing important decrease of CO2 emanations is pressing. Many different schemes need to be applied for this intent including the increased usage of renewable energy beginnings and atomic power, the betterment of energy transition efficiency and the usage of C gaining control and storage systems ( CCS ) . In planetary graduated table, energy production is extremely dependent of fossil fuels. Furthermore, the continuously increasing energy demand in combination with abundant and loosely distributed geographically coal, are factors that prohibit the decrease of conventional energy production ways. Therefore, CCS is the lone option to accomplish important CO2 emanations decreases. The C gaining control engineerings can be separated into three chief methods: pre-combustion gaining control, post-combustion gaining control and oxy-fuel burning. In this assignment, pre-combustion gaining control procedure will be examined. Basic Operation 2.1 Definition By definition, pre-combustion C gaining control refers to the remotion of C from fuel before its burning. Therefore, the burning generates zero CO2 emanations. This engineering can be applied in power workss which use hydrocarbon fuels in order to bring forth electricity. These fuels are coal, natural gas, oil but can besides be used in power workss which use non-hydrocarbon fuels such as biomass or waste. However, pre-combustion C gaining control engineering is more efficient and most developed for usage in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ( IGCC ) power workss utilizing coal fuel and in Natural Gas Combined Cycle power workss. Procedure The chief procedure can be divided into three stairss. Initially, the hydrocarbon fuel which is typically natural gas or coal ( oil or biomass ) is reformed or gasified severally into synthesis gas, known as syngas, incorporating H and CO. Then, the syngas is reacted with steam in a Water-Gas Shift reactor ( WGS ) and the C oxide is converted to carbon dioxide and produces more H2O. The resulted syngas after the transition of the C oxide is consisted of C dioxide and H2O and is known as shifted syngas. During the 3rd measure, CO2 is separated from H2 and the rich H gas is produced which can be combusted clearly in combined rhythm power workss. Separated CO2 is so compressed, stored and transported. Between the three basic stairss, described above, there is a figure of extra units for the optimal operation of the system. These units are gas cleaners and heat money changers. Depending on the fuel used, the place and the sort of these units may differ. Figure 1 depicts the basic units of a combined rhythm power works irrespective of the fuel used as input. The water-gas displacement reactor and the CO2 gaining control unit are the extra units used in an IGCC or a NGCC power works for C gaining control. Figure 1: CC power works with pre-combustion gaining control. Figure 2 depicts an IGCC power works with pre-combustion C gaining control. From this figure the extra units can be observed. These units are the Air separation Unit ( ASU ) , the atom and the S remover. All these units will be described exhaustively in the following subdivisions of this assignment. Pre-combustion Capture Process_Vattenfall.jpg Figure 2: IGCC power works with pre-combustion gaining control. The chief difference between the IGCC power works and the NGCC power works is that the IGCC uses a gasifier for the production of the syngas and the NGCC uses a gas reformist. 5 Reformer 5.1 Natural gas constituents In combined rhythm power workss which use natural gas as fuel, a gas reformist is used for the syngas production. At this point it is of import to be mentioned that natural gas is consisted chiefly of methane in a proportion about 94 % . Table 1 cites all the constituents that natural gas is consisted of and their proportion. Table 1: Natural gas constituents 5.2 Natural gas reformation Three different commercially available engineerings for natural gas reforming have been developed. Steam reforming ( SR ) , Non-catalytic partial oxidization reforming ( POX ) and Autothermal reforming. For the hereafter, reforming in a membrane reactor could be an option. 5.2.1 Steam Reforming In steam reforming, methane reacts with H2O ( steam ) ( 700 & A ; deg ; C-1000 & A ; deg ; C ) under 3-25 saloon force per unit area in a presence of a nickel-based accelerator to bring forth H and C monoxide. It is an endothermal reaction which frequently using a nickel-based accelerator. In order to avoid the taint of the accelerator, sulfur compounds from the natural gas demand to be removed before the reformation. The basic steam reforming chemical reactions are: Methane: CH4 + H2O ( +heat ) > CO + 3H2 -?=-206kJ/mol Propane: C3H8+ 3 H2O ( +heat ) > 3CO + 7H2 Ethyl alcohol: C2H5OH + H2O ( +heat ) > 2CO + 4H2 The chief drawback of this reformist is that demand a secondary steam supply. 5.2.2 Non catalytic Power Oxidation ( POX ) Partial oxidization procedure relies on an exothermal reaction between natural gas and a limited sum of O. The merchandises of the reaction are chiefly carbon monoxide and H. The O can be supplied as pure O either signifier air or via a conveyance membrane. The basic chemical reactions are: Methane: CH4 + ?O2 > CO + 2H2 ( +heat ) Propane: C3H8 + ?O2 > 3CO + 4H2 ( +heat ) Ethyl alcohol: C2H5OH + ?O2 > 2CO + 3H2 ( +heat ) Temperature of the reaction is about 1250-1400EsC. This engineering is much faster than steam reforming but increases the entire cost of the works significantly. However, it is a really simple system with small care required. 5.2.3 Autothermal Reforming ( ATR ) The reactor in the autothermal reactor is divided into two different zones, a burning and a thermic and catalytic zone. Oxygen reacts with methane and signifiers syngas. It is an exothermal reaction and the operating temperature is in about 850-110 EsC. CH4 + O2 ââ¬â CO + 2H2O ( g ) -=519KJ/mol These reformer are more widespread and common used than the other two because of its flexible operation, its compact design, its low investing cost and its broad operating conditions. Furthermore, the fact that there is no demand of secondary fuel supply makes the reformer even more efficient than the others. 5.3 Water Gas displacement reaction in NGCC power workss with pre-combustion milliliter. The Water gas displacement reactor is one of the most of import units of the pre-combustion C gaining control procedure and will be examined exhaustively in subdivision 5555. However it is really of import to be mentioned at this point that in NGCC power workss with pre-combustion C gaining control, the H2O gas displacement reactor take topographic point into the reformist. 7 Water Gas Shift reactor The H2O gas displacement reactor ( WGS ) is one of the most of import parts of the CO2 gaining control system in IGCC and NGCC power workss. It converts about all the CO in Syngas, into CO2 and H with an exothermal chemical reaction. The input of the WGS reactor is syngas and steam ( H2O ) . CO + H20 ââ¬â CO2 + H2 ?H= -41.1kj/mol In general, the H2O gas displacement reaction occurs in an adiabatic system with the presence of a accelerator which accelerates the reaction rate. Several types of accelerators are commercially available but three of them are the most of import. These three accelerators can be divided into two classs: the clean displacement accelerators and the rancid displacement accelerators.Clean displacement accelerators:High temperature displacement accelerators Active constituent: Fe3O4 with Cr2O3 as stabilizer Operating temperature: 350 ââ¬â 500 & A ; deg ; C Sulphur content syngas lower than 100 ppm. Low-temperature displacement accelerators Active constituent: Cu supported by ZnO and Al2O3 Operating temperature: 185 ââ¬â 275 & A ; deg ; C Sulphur content syngas lower than 0.1 ppm.Sour displacement acceleratorsActive constituent: Sulphided Co and Mo Operating temperature: 250 ââ¬â 500 & A ; deg ; C Sulphur content syngas lower than 300ppm. In NGCC power workss with pre-combustion gaining control, clean displacement accelerators are used and the chief WGS operation takes topographic point into the reformist. IGCC power workss with pre-combustion gaining control usage either clean or rancid displacement accelerators but rancid accelerators are more widespread. In these workss, the WGS reactor is an independent unit. During shift reaction, the temperature rises and restricts the farther procedure. Therefore, the transition in a individual reactor is limited. This job can be solved by utilizing a two phase H2O displacement reaction. This reaction can be achieved with the combination of a high temperature and a low temperature displacement reactor operated in sequence. Consequently, in order to acquire a higher grade of transition of the CO to CO2, two reactors are favourable compared to a one-reactor apparatus. Between these two reactors, an inter-bed chilling is used in order to keep the temperature low in the 2nd reactor. The majority of C monoxide is converted to CO2 by the high-temperature accelerators and the procedure is fulfilled by the low temperature accelerators. Figure 2 depicts a High and Low temperature displacement reactor every bit good as the different temperatures for the different phases. Figure 2: High ( left ) and Low ( right ) temperature displacement reactors. Figure ten: WGS composed by two reactors. The WGS unit influences the entire efficiency of the power works. For standard design it is observed an efficiency loss about 3-4 % . The loss of efficiency caused by the WGS ââ¬Ë steam demands necessary for sufficiently high CO transition ratios. Sulfur Removal Unit Sulfur remotion is a critical portion in the pre-combustion C gaining control processes and it is used in both IGCC and NGCC power workss. Its chief operation is to take S from the input gas. Figureâ⬠¦ . Application in IGCC power workss with pre-combustion milliliter. Syngas produced by the gasification contains assorted drosss. Among these drosss, Ss have a large proportion. During gasification, S is chiefly converted to hydrogen sulphide ( H2S ) and to carbonyl sulphide ( COS ) in a proportion about 3-10 % . In IGCC power workss with pre-combustion C gaining control, in order to clean the gas from sulfur constituents, a Sulfur Removal unit is used which utilizes acid gas recovery processes ( AGR ) . These procedures can be either physical or chemical based and retrieve S either as sulphuric acid or as elemental S. However, AGR procedures are efficient merely when S is in H2S signifier, COS is highly hard to be removed in this manner. Therefore the sulfur remotion unit must be equipped with a COS hydrolysis unit ( before the AGR ) which catalytically converts COS to H2S. This units converts over 99 % of the of the COS to H2S with the chemical reaction presented below: COS + H2O ââ¬â H2S + CO2 With the combination of these two units i.e. COS hydrolysis and AGR process the Sulfur remotion unit achieve about 99 % of sulfur recovery. In unit 7 it underlined that in IGCC power workss with pre-combustion milliliter the WGS reactor can be composed either of clean or rancid displacement accelerator. In instance of clean displacement accelerators, sulfur constituents must be removed from the syngas before the WGS reactor in order to avoid accelerator taint. Therefore, in this instance the S remotion demand to be placed before the WGS reactor as Figure 66 shows. Figure 66: WGS reactor with clean displacement accelerators In instance of rancid displacement accelerators, S is required in the provender gas. Therefore the sulfur remotion unit is placed after the WGS reactor. It is really of import to advert here, that in this instance the WGS reactor except from change overing CO to CO2, besides hydrolyses COS to H2S. Consequently, there is no demand of a separate COS hydrolysis system. Figure 67: WGS reactor with rancid displacement accelerators. In every instance, a gas ice chest is necessary to be used before the Sulfur remotion unit. Application in NGCC power workss with pre-combustion milliliter. In this instance, both the accelerators of the reformist and of the WGS reactor are clean displacement. Therefore, sulfur remotion is necessary to be placed before the gas reformist. Hence, in NGCC power workss, the input gas of the sulfur remotion unit is natural gas alternatively of syngas ( or shifted syngas ) which was in IGCC power workss. The first measure of the remotion procedure is the transition of sulfur compounds, such as COS and mercaptans, in the natural gas to gaseous H2S. This can be achieved by utilizing a catalytic hydrogenation. After the transition, the S is removed by fluxing of the natural gas through a bed of Zn oxide granules to organize solid Zn sulphide harmonizing to reaction H2S + ZnO ( s ) > H2O ( g ) + ZnS ( s )
Wednesday, January 8, 2020
How to Make Colored Sparklers
Sparklers are small handheld fireworks that give off fiery sparks rather than explode. Sparklers consist of a thin metal or wooden stick coated with a simple pyrotechnic mixture. Colored sparklers really are as easy to make as regular sparklers. The difference lies in the oxidizer that is used. Youre basically replicating a flame test, except in reverse since you know the colors to expect from various metal ions. Potassium nitrate or saltpeter will impart a violet color. Barium nitrate burns green. Strontium nitrate burns red. Aside from ordering from a chemical supply store, you can find strontium nitrate in emergency flares and potassium nitrate at some garden supply stores (or you can make it yourself). You can mix in other metal salts from the flame test or colored fire list, but only go for one color. If you try to mix colors, youll likely wind up with a basic golden sparkler. There are several recipes for colored sparklers. Here are some examples. Ingredients are listed in terms of parts by weight, so you can use milligrams or grams or ounces... whatever works for you. Red Sparklers 5 parts strontium nitrate1 part shellac Dip iron wires or wooden sticks in the mixture and allow it to dry completely before use. Be sure to leave enough room on the stick so that you can hold the sparkler safely. Green Sparklers 300 parts potassium chlorate60 parts barium nitrate60 parts aluminum fines, flitter, or granules2 parts charcoal10% dextrin in water solution Dip the wires or sticks in a mixture made from the dry ingredients with just enough dextrin solution to make a thick slurry. Dry the sparklers before use. Another option for a green sparkler is to substitute boric acid or borax for the barium nitrate. Purple Sparklers 14 parts potassium nitrate3 parts powdered sulfur3 parts powdered charcoal2 parts aluminum flitter (for sparks)10% dextrin in water Dip the sticks in a mixture made from the dry ingredients with enough dextrin solution to make a slurry. Note the human eye is not very sensitive to the color violet. The purple color is easily overwhelmed by the color that may be produced by any chemical contaminant in the mixture. If the sparkler appears yellow instead of purple, it means sodium is present. Salt is the most likely culprit. Substitutions in Sparkler Recipes By examining these recipes, you can see aluminum flitter may be added to make sparks in any sparkler. Fine particles of other metals also produce sparks. Titanium makes white sparks while iron filings produce golden sparks. Dextrin is a common binder and fuel in sparkler recipes. If it is unavailable, sugar or starch may be used. Other colors of sparklers are also possible. For example, using a copper salt will produce a blue or a green flame, depending on the oxidation state of the copper. The default color of a sparkler is yellow or gold, but the color may be brightened and enhanced by adding a small amount of table salt or sodium chloride (NaCl) to the mixture. Adding the tiniest amount of salt to a red sparkler can produce an orange flame. Calcium salts can also produce the orange color. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.
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